Offshore wind farms

• https://data.gov.ie/dataset/marine-area-consent-wind

• https://data-housinggovie.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/housinggovie::marine-area-consent-wind

• https://data.gov.ie/dataset/offshore-gas-pipelines

• https://data-housinggovie.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/housinggovie::offshore-gas-pipelines

• https://data.gov.ie/dataset/provinces-national-statutory-boundaries-2019

• https://data-osi.opendata.arcgis.com/maps/osi::provinces-national-statutory-boundaries-2019

import os
from zipfile import ZipFile

import cartopy.crs as ccrs
import contextily as cx
import geopandas as gpd
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from cartopy.mpl.ticker import LatitudeFormatter, LongitudeFormatter
from matplotlib_scalebar.scalebar import ScaleBar

from h2ss import data as rd

# base data download directory
DATA_DIR = os.path.join("data", "wind-farms")

URL = (
    "https://opendata.arcgis.com/api/v3/datasets/"
    "803a4ecc22aa4cc09111072a0bbc4fac_3/downloads/"
    "data?format=shp&spatialRefId=4326&where=1%3D1"
)

FILE_NAME = "marine-area-consent-wind.zip"

DATA_FILE = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, FILE_NAME)

# basemap cache directory
cx.set_cache_dir(os.path.join("data", "basemaps"))

plt.rcParams["xtick.major.size"] = 0
plt.rcParams["ytick.major.size"] = 0

rd.download_data(url=URL, data_dir=DATA_DIR, file_name=FILE_NAME)

Data 'marine-area-consent-wind.zip' already exists in 'data/wind-farms'.
Data downloaded on: 2024-04-25 14:44:56.238497+00:00
Download URL: https://opendata.arcgis.com/api/v3/datasets/803a4ecc22aa4cc09111072a0bbc4fac_3/downloads/data?format=shp&spatialRefId=4326&where=1%3D1
SHA256 hash: 9ca42629e26fad8644d26aef5212e523b5dd908cb0b2c1f92a883a1d21f468f2

ZipFile(DATA_FILE).namelist()

['Energy_Offshore_Renewable.shp',
 'Energy_Offshore_Renewable.shx',
 'Energy_Offshore_Renewable.dbf',
 'Energy_Offshore_Renewable.cpg',
 'Energy_Offshore_Renewable.prj',
 'Energy_Offshore_Renewable.xml']

wind_farms = rd.read_shapefile_from_zip(data_path=DATA_FILE)

wind_farms.crs

<Geographic 2D CRS: EPSG:4326>
Name: WGS 84
Axis Info [ellipsoidal]:
- Lat[north]: Geodetic latitude (degree)
- Lon[east]: Geodetic longitude (degree)
Area of Use:
- name: World.
- bounds: (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0)
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble
- Ellipsoid: WGS 84
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich

wind_farms.shape

(8, 14)

wind_farms.columns

Index(['OBJECTID', 'Shape_Leng', 'name', 'geographic', 'seaArea', 'identifier',
       'developer', 'type', 'area', 'projectDes', 'informatio', 'Shape__Are',
       'Shape__Len', 'geometry'],
      dtype='object')

wind_farms

	OBJECTID	Shape_Leng	name	geographic	seaArea	identifier	developer	type	area	projectDes	informatio	Shape__Are	Shape__Len	geometry
0	1	0.230937	The Oriel Windfarm	Louth	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-001	Parkwind; ESB	Fixed-Bottom	27.714408	https://www.orielwindfarm.ie/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	7.973214e+07	34210.152005	POLYGON Z ((-6.04833 53.88694 0.00000, -6.0902...
1	2	0.567513	Arklow Offshore Wind Farm	Wicklow	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-002	SSE Renewables	Fixed-Bottom	65.046074	https://www.sserenewables.com/offshore/project...	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	1.775790e+08	97396.053723	POLYGON Z ((-5.93413 52.91816 0.00000, -5.8972...
2	3	0.266667	Dublin Array - Bray	Bray Bank	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-003	RWE Renewables; Saorgus Energy	Fixed-Bottom	31.001232	https://dublinarray.com/project-information/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	8.617931e+07	42098.425458	POLYGON Z ((-5.93333 53.23333 0.00000, -5.9000...
3	4	0.250000	Dublin Array - Kish	Kish Bank	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-004	RWE Renewables; Saorgus Energy	Fixed-Bottom	27.850465	https://dublinarray.com/project-information/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	7.770492e+07	39053.356911	POLYGON Z ((-5.90000 53.23333 0.00000, -5.9333...
4	5	0.976778	North Irish Sea Array	Dublin; Meath; Louth	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-005	Statkraft Ireland	Fixed-Bottom	246.423909	https://northirishseaarray.ie/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	6.999503e+08	149681.328083	POLYGON Z ((-5.83154 53.52384 0.00000, -5.9667...
5	6	0.362876	Codling Wind Park	Codling Bank	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-006	Fred Olsen Seawind; EDF Renewables	Fixed-Bottom	58.519791	https://codlingwindpark.ie/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	1.620132e+08	49675.425784	POLYGON Z ((-5.71667 53.07167 0.00000, -5.8291...
6	7	0.387108	Codling Wind Park	India Bank	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-006	Fred Olsen Seawind; EDF Renewables	Fixed-Bottom	66.643177	https://codlingwindpark.ie/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	1.838990e+08	53326.106266	POLYGON Z ((-5.84306 53.07167 0.00000, -5.7166...
7	8	0.264878	Sceirde Rocks Windfarm	Galway Bay	North Atlantic Ocean	2022-MAC-007	Fuinneamh Sceirde Teoranta	Fixed-Bottom	29.353818	https://www.sceirderockswindfarm.com/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	8.194668e+07	35285.774551	POLYGON Z ((-9.96819 53.29453 0.00000, -9.9188...

ax = wind_farms.to_crs(3857).plot(
    column="name",
    cmap="tab20",
    alpha=0.5,
    figsize=(10, 10),
    legend=True,
    legend_kwds={"loc": "lower right"},
    linewidth=0.5,
    edgecolor="darkslategrey",
)
plt.xlim(-1.2e6, -0.55e6)
plt.ylim(6.65e6, 7.475e6)
cx.add_basemap(ax, source=cx.providers.CartoDB.Positron, zoom=7)

plt.tick_params(labelbottom=False, labelleft=False)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# keep only wind farms near the Kish Basin
wind_farms.drop(index=[0, 1, 7], inplace=True)

# merge wind farm polygons
wind_farms.at[2, "name"] = "Dublin Array"
wind_farms.at[3, "name"] = "Dublin Array"
wind_farms = wind_farms.dissolve(by="name")
wind_farms.reset_index(inplace=True)

wind_farms

	name	geometry	OBJECTID	Shape_Leng	geographic	seaArea	identifier	developer	type	area	projectDes	informatio	Shape__Are	Shape__Len
0	Codling Wind Park	POLYGON Z ((-5.82917 53.07167 0.00000, -5.8436...	6	0.362876	Codling Bank	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-006	Fred Olsen Seawind; EDF Renewables	Fixed-Bottom	58.519791	https://codlingwindpark.ie/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	1.620132e+08	49675.425784
1	Dublin Array	POLYGON Z ((-5.88333 53.23333 0.00000, -5.8833...	3	0.266667	Bray Bank	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-003	RWE Renewables; Saorgus Energy	Fixed-Bottom	31.001232	https://dublinarray.com/project-information/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	8.617931e+07	42098.425458
2	North Irish Sea Array	POLYGON Z ((-5.83154 53.52384 0.00000, -5.9667...	5	0.976778	Dublin; Meath; Louth	Irish Sea & St. George's Channel	2022-MAC-005	Statkraft Ireland	Fixed-Bottom	246.423909	https://northirishseaarray.ie/	https://www.gov.ie/pdf/?file=https://assets.go...	6.999503e+08	149681.328083

ax = wind_farms.to_crs(3857).plot(
    column="name",
    alpha=0.5,
    figsize=(10, 10),
    legend=True,
    legend_kwds={"loc": "upper right"},
    linewidth=0.5,
    edgecolor="darkslategrey",
)
plt.xlim(-0.72e6, -0.62e6)
plt.ylim(6.975e6, 7.15e6)
cx.add_basemap(ax, source=cx.providers.CartoDB.Positron)

plt.tick_params(labelbottom=False, labelleft=False)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# read Kish Basin data
DATA_DIR = os.path.join("data", "kish-basin")

ds, extent = rd.read_dat_file(dat_path=DATA_DIR)

# use extent bounds
xmin, ymin, xmax, ymax = extent.total_bounds

# shape of the halite
shape = rd.halite_shape(dat_xr=ds)

# wind farm bounds
wxmin, wymin, wxmax, wymax = wind_farms.to_crs(rd.CRS).dissolve().total_bounds

# extent for bathymetry layer
bath_extent = (
    gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=extent)
    .overlay(wind_farms.to_crs(rd.CRS), how="union")
    .dissolve()
    .buffer(1000)
    .envelope
)

# bathymetry layer
bath = rd.bathymetry_layer(
    dat_extent=bath_extent,
    bathymetry_path=os.path.join("data", "bathymetry"),
)

plt.figure(figsize=(11, 11))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.epsg(rd.CRS))

ds.max(dim="halite")["Thickness"].plot.contourf(
    cmap="flare",
    # alpha=0.65,
    robust=True,
    levels=15,
    cbar_kwargs={
        "label": "Maximum halite thickness [m]",
        "aspect": 25,
        "pad": 0.035,
    },
)

CS = bath["elevation"].plot.contour(
    colors="black",
    levels=[-180 + 30 * n for n in range(6)],
    linewidths=0.5,
    linestyles="solid",
    # alpha=0.5,
    robust=True,
)
plt.clabel(CS, inline=True, fontsize=11)

plt.xlim(xmin - 8550, xmax + 1000)
plt.ylim(wymin - 1000, wymax + 1000)

# wind farms
# colours = ["firebrick", "black", "royalblue"]
hatches = ["///", "xxx", "\\\\\\"]
legend_handles = []
# for index, colour in zip(range(3), colours):
for index, hatch in zip(range(3), hatches):
    wind_farms.iloc[[index]].to_crs(rd.CRS).to_crs(rd.CRS).plot(
        ax=ax, hatch=hatch, facecolor="none", linewidth=2, edgecolor="black"
    )
    legend_handles.append(
        mpatches.Patch(
            facecolor="none",
            hatch=hatch,
            edgecolor="black",
            label=wind_farms.iloc[[index]]["name"].values[0],
        )
    )

basemap = cx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager
cx.add_basemap(
    ax,
    crs=rd.CRS,
    source=basemap,
    attribution=False,
)
ax.text(xmin - 8200, ymin - 15000, basemap["attribution"], fontsize=8.5)
ax.gridlines(
    draw_labels={"bottom": "x", "left": "y"},
    alpha=0.25,
    color="darkslategrey",
    xformatter=LongitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    yformatter=LatitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    ylabel_style={"rotation": 89.9},
)
ax.add_artist(
    ScaleBar(
        1,
        box_alpha=0,
        location="lower left",
        color="darkslategrey",
        width_fraction=0.0075,
    )
)
ax.legend(handles=legend_handles, loc="lower left", bbox_to_anchor=(0, 0.05))

plt.title(None)
plt.tight_layout()

# plt.savefig(
#     os.path.join("graphics", "fig_offshore_wind_farms.jpg"),
#     format="jpg",
#     dpi=600,
# )
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(11, 11))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.epsg(rd.CRS))

ds.max(dim="halite")["Thickness"].plot.contourf(
    cmap="flare",
    # alpha=0.65,
    robust=True,
    levels=15,
    cbar_kwargs={
        "label": "Maximum halite thickness [m]",
        "aspect": 25,
        "pad": 0.035,
    },
)

plt.xlim(xmin - 8550, xmax + 1000)
# plt.ylim(ymin - 10500, ymax + 10500)

# wind farms
# colours = ["firebrick", "black", "royalblue"]
hatches = ["///", "xxx", "\\\\\\"]
legend_handles = []
# for index, colour in zip(range(3), colours):
for index, hatch in zip(range(3), hatches):
    wind_farms.iloc[[index]].to_crs(rd.CRS).to_crs(rd.CRS).plot(
        ax=ax, hatch=hatch, facecolor="none", linewidth=2, edgecolor="black"
    )
    legend_handles.append(
        mpatches.Patch(
            facecolor="none",
            hatch=hatch,
            edgecolor="black",
            label=wind_farms.iloc[[index]]["name"].values[0],
        )
    )

basemap = cx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager
cx.add_basemap(
    ax,
    crs=rd.CRS,
    source=basemap,
    attribution=False,
)
ax.text(xmin - 8200, ymin - 15000, basemap["attribution"], fontsize=8.5)
ax.gridlines(
    draw_labels={"bottom": "x", "left": "y"},
    alpha=0.25,
    color="darkslategrey",
    xformatter=LongitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    yformatter=LatitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    ylabel_style={"rotation": 89.9},
)
ax.add_artist(
    ScaleBar(
        1,
        box_alpha=0,
        location="lower right",
        color="darkslategrey",
        width_fraction=0.0075,
    )
)
ax.legend(handles=legend_handles, loc="lower right", bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.05))

plt.title(None)
plt.tight_layout()

# plt.savefig(
#     os.path.join("graphics", "fig_offshore_wind_farms_alt.jpg"),
#     format="jpg",
#     dpi=600,
# )
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(11, 11))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.epsg(rd.CRS))

ds.max(dim="halite")["Thickness"].plot.contourf(
    cmap="jet",
    alpha=0.65,
    robust=True,
    levels=15,
    cbar_kwargs={
        "label": "Maximum halite thickness [m]",
        "aspect": 25,
        "pad": 0.035,
    },
)

plt.xlim(xmin - 8550, xmax + 1000)
# plt.ylim(ymin - 10500, ymax + 10500)

# wind farms
colours = ["firebrick", "black", "royalblue"]
legend_handles = []
for index, colour in zip(range(len(wind_farms)), colours):
    wind_farms.iloc[[index]].to_crs(rd.CRS).to_crs(rd.CRS).plot(
        ax=ax, hatch="///", facecolor="none", linewidth=2, edgecolor=colour
    )
    legend_handles.append(
        mpatches.Patch(
            facecolor="none",
            hatch="///",
            edgecolor=colour,
            label=wind_farms.iloc[[index]]["name"].values[0],
        )
    )

basemap = cx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager
cx.add_basemap(
    ax,
    crs=rd.CRS,
    source=basemap,
    attribution=False,
)
ax.text(xmin - 8200, ymin - 15000, basemap["attribution"], fontsize=8.5)
ax.gridlines(
    draw_labels={"bottom": "x", "left": "y"},
    alpha=0.25,
    color="darkslategrey",
    xformatter=LongitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    yformatter=LatitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    ylabel_style={"rotation": 89.9},
)
ax.add_artist(
    ScaleBar(
        1,
        box_alpha=0,
        location="lower right",
        color="darkslategrey",
        width_fraction=0.0075,
    )
)
ax.legend(handles=legend_handles, loc="lower right", bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.05))

plt.title(None)
plt.tight_layout()

# plt.savefig(
#     os.path.join("graphics", "Figure_1.png"),
#     format="png",
#     dpi=600,
# )
plt.show()

plt.figure(figsize=(9, 9))
ax = plt.axes(projection=ccrs.epsg(rd.CRS))

# add halite boundary - use buffering to smooth the outline
shape.buffer(1000).buffer(-1000).boundary.plot(
    ax=ax, color="black", linewidth=2
)

plt.xlim(xmin - 7750, xmax + 7750)
plt.ylim(ymin - 10500, ymax + 10500)

# wind farms
colours = ["firebrick", "seagreen", "royalblue"]
legend_handles = []
for index, colour in zip(range(len(wind_farms)), colours):
    wind_farms.iloc[[index]].to_crs(rd.CRS).to_crs(rd.CRS).plot(
        ax=ax, hatch="///", facecolor="none", linewidth=2, edgecolor=colour
    )
    legend_handles.append(
        mpatches.Patch(
            facecolor="none",
            hatch="///",
            edgecolor=colour,
            label=wind_farms.iloc[[index]]["name"].values[0],
        )
    )

legend_handles.append(
    mpatches.Patch(
        facecolor="none",
        edgecolor="black",
        label="Kish Basin halite",
        linewidth=2,
    )
)

cx.add_basemap(ax, crs=rd.CRS, source=cx.providers.CartoDB.Voyager, zoom=10)
ax.gridlines(
    draw_labels={"bottom": "x", "left": "y"},
    alpha=0.25,
    color="darkslategrey",
    xformatter=LongitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    yformatter=LatitudeFormatter(auto_hide=False, dms=True),
    ylabel_style={"rotation": 89.9},
)
ax.add_artist(
    ScaleBar(1, box_alpha=0, location="lower right", color="darkslategrey")
)
ax.legend(handles=legend_handles, loc="lower right", bbox_to_anchor=(1, 0.05))

plt.title(None)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

# distance from Kish Bank
wind_farms_ = wind_farms.to_crs(rd.CRS)

for i in range(len(wind_farms_)):
    pv = (
        wind_farms_.iloc[[i]]
        .distance(shape["geometry"], align=False)
        .values[0]
        / 1000
    )
    print(
        wind_farms_.iloc[[i]]["name"].values[0],
        f"is {pv:.2f} km away from the Kish Bank",
    )

Codling Wind Park is 0.00 km away from the Kish Bank
Dublin Array is 0.00 km away from the Kish Bank
North Irish Sea Array is 5.30 km away from the Kish Bank

Distance from pipelines

DATA_DIR = os.path.join("data", "pipelines")

URL = (
    "https://opendata.arcgis.com/api/v3/datasets/"
    "dc6e3849b9fc43bb93078c5d0093bf6a_1/downloads/data?"
    "format=shp&spatialRefId=4326&where=1%3D1"
)

FILE_NAME = "pipelines.zip"

DATA_FILE = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, FILE_NAME)

rd.download_data(url=URL, data_dir=DATA_DIR, file_name=FILE_NAME)

Data 'pipelines.zip' already exists in 'data/pipelines'.
Data downloaded on: 2024-04-27 21:25:25.219487+00:00
Download URL: https://opendata.arcgis.com/api/v3/datasets/dc6e3849b9fc43bb93078c5d0093bf6a_1/downloads/data?format=shp&spatialRefId=4326&where=1%3D1
SHA256 hash: 68ddb98ed5791e9e614a2fc51de13234ecfc306170585d09ef745e7f45346940

ZipFile(DATA_FILE).namelist()

['Energy_-_Petroleum.dbf',
 'Energy_-_Petroleum.shx',
 'Energy_-_Petroleum.cpg',
 'Energy_-_Petroleum.shp',
 'Energy_-_Petroleum.prj',
 'Energy_-_Petroleum.xml']

pipelines = rd.read_shapefile_from_zip(data_path=DATA_FILE)

pipelines.head()

	OBJECTID	Policy02_P	Policy02_C	Map_Data_S	Map_name	NMPF_Chapt	NMPF_Cha_1	Policy01_C	Policy01_P	OPERATOR	FROM_LOC	MI_Map_num	Map_Featur	Policy01_N	Policy02_N	Owning_Org	Metadata_L	Last_Updat	Shape__Len	geometry
0	1	S	PET2	Offshore_Pipelines_of_Ireland_Polylines	Oil and Gas Activity and Authorisations	Energy and Petroleum	14	PET1	P	None	None	13	Offshore Gas Pipelines	Petroleum Policy 1	Petroleum Policy 2	EMODnet	https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-...	2023	19179.529136	LINESTRING (-5.87186 35.99551, -5.87104 35.997...
1	2	S	PET2	Offshore_Pipelines_of_Ireland_Polylines	Oil and Gas Activity and Authorisations	Energy and Petroleum	14	PET1	P	None	None	13	Offshore Gas Pipelines	Petroleum Policy 1	Petroleum Policy 2	EMODnet	https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-...	2023	110216.070871	MULTILINESTRING ((-6.91260 36.96955, -6.91130 ...
2	3	S	PET2	Offshore_Pipelines_of_Ireland_Polylines	Oil and Gas Activity and Authorisations	Energy and Petroleum	14	PET1	P	None	Kinsale	13	Offshore Gas Pipelines	Petroleum Policy 1	Petroleum Policy 2	EMODnet	https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-...	2023	5701.804975	LINESTRING (-8.18620 51.79340, -8.17288 51.815...
3	4	S	PET2	Offshore_Pipelines_of_Ireland_Polylines	Oil and Gas Activity and Authorisations	Energy and Petroleum	14	PET1	P	None	Kinsale	13	Offshore Gas Pipelines	Petroleum Policy 1	Petroleum Policy 2	EMODnet	https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-...	2023	8010.953518	LINESTRING (-8.01696 51.36072, -8.01632 51.360...
4	5	S	PET2	Offshore_Pipelines_of_Ireland_Polylines	Oil and Gas Activity and Authorisations	Energy and Petroleum	14	PET1	P	None	Kinsale	13	Offshore Gas Pipelines	Petroleum Policy 1	Petroleum Policy 2	EMODnet	https://www.emodnet-humanactivities.eu/search-...	2023	10038.745430	LINESTRING (-8.18620 51.79340, -8.22569 51.74323)

pipelines.crs

<Geographic 2D CRS: EPSG:4326>
Name: WGS 84
Axis Info [ellipsoidal]:
- Lat[north]: Geodetic latitude (degree)
- Lon[east]: Geodetic longitude (degree)
Area of Use:
- name: World.
- bounds: (-180.0, -90.0, 180.0, 90.0)
Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 ensemble
- Ellipsoid: WGS 84
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich

ax = (
    pipelines.to_crs(rd.CRS)
    .overlay(gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=shape.buffer(50000)))
    .plot(color="crimson")
)
shape.buffer(1000).buffer(-1000).boundary.plot(
    ax=ax, color="black", linewidth=1
)
wind_farms_.plot(ax=ax, alpha=0.5, column="name")
cx.add_basemap(ax, source=cx.providers.CartoDB.Positron, crs=rd.CRS)

plt.tick_params(labelbottom=False, labelleft=False)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

for i in range(len(wind_farms_)):
    pv = (
        wind_farms_.iloc[[i]]
        .distance(
            pipelines.to_crs(rd.CRS)
            .overlay(gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=shape.buffer(25000)))
            .dissolve()["geometry"],
            align=False,
        )
        .values[0]
        / 1000
    )
    print(
        wind_farms_.iloc[[i]]["name"].values[0],
        f"is {pv:.2f} km away from the nearest offshore pipeline",
    )

Codling Wind Park is 46.16 km away from the nearest offshore pipeline
Dublin Array is 26.92 km away from the nearest offshore pipeline
North Irish Sea Array is 0.00 km away from the nearest offshore pipeline

pv = (
    shape.distance(
        pipelines.to_crs(rd.CRS)
        .overlay(gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=shape.buffer(25000)))
        .dissolve()["geometry"],
        align=False,
    ).values[0]
    / 1000
)
print(f"Kish Basin is {pv:.2f} km away from the nearest offshore pipeline")

Kish Basin is 8.71 km away from the nearest offshore pipeline

Distance from shoreline

DATA_DIR = os.path.join("data", "boundaries")

URL = (
    "https://data-osi.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/"
    "559bc3300384413aa0fe93f0772cb7f1_0.zip?"
    "outSR=%7B%22latestWkid%22%3A2157%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%7D"
)

FILE_NAME = "osi-provinces-ungeneralised-2019.zip"

DATA_FILE = os.path.join(DATA_DIR, FILE_NAME)

rd.download_data(url=URL, data_dir=DATA_DIR, file_name=FILE_NAME)

Data 'osi-provinces-ungeneralised-2019.zip' already exists in 'data/boundaries'.
Data downloaded on: 2023-10-29 22:11:40.353067+00:00
Download URL: https://data-osi.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/559bc3300384413aa0fe93f0772cb7f1_0.zip?outSR=%7B%22latestWkid%22%3A2157%2C%22wkid%22%3A2157%7D
SHA256 hash: 2410768c3c1252498812967354f90e42f7dc37003f99df73b3fe544cee85df3d

ZipFile(DATA_FILE).namelist()

['Provinces___Ungen_2019.shp',
 'Provinces___Ungen_2019.shx',
 'Provinces___Ungen_2019.dbf',
 'Provinces___Ungen_2019.cpg',
 'Provinces___Ungen_2019.prj',
 'Provinces_-_National_Statutory_Boundaries_-_2019.xml']

iebound = rd.read_shapefile_from_zip(data_path=DATA_FILE)

iebound.head()

	ESRI_OID	OBJECTID	PROVINCE	PV_ID	GUID	CENTROID_X	CENTROID_Y	AREA	SHAPE_Leng	SHAPE_Area	geometry
0	1	1	Connacht	27001	d1070df4-924a-4f2d-b35b-d165b6a5a264	537106.05	774821.52	1.770933e+10	3.682460e+06	1.770933e+10	MULTIPOLYGON (((456212.468 744200.809, 456200....
1	2	2	Leinster	27002	567d5f84-9a09-4d9b-b943-0b5be07a15da	664436.40	707866.98	1.979878e+10	1.313867e+06	1.979878e+10	MULTIPOLYGON (((673229.094 598041.747, 673236....
2	3	3	Munster	27003	32947409-6cfa-4731-bcd1-1cf12e8193f8	544013.20	616670.03	2.467955e+10	3.631145e+06	2.467955e+10	MULTIPOLYGON (((430806.128 602244.549, 430815....
3	4	4	Ulster	27004	0b3f0251-a1d9-47cc-ab6d-295962b93cd0	620526.73	873476.28	8.086132e+09	2.297473e+06	8.086132e+09	MULTIPOLYGON (((549225.762 882044.879, 549218....

iebound.crs

<Projected CRS: EPSG:2157>
Name: IRENET95 / Irish Transverse Mercator
Axis Info [cartesian]:
- E[east]: Easting (metre)
- N[north]: Northing (metre)
Area of Use:
- name: Ireland - onshore. United Kingdom (UK) - Northern Ireland (Ulster) - onshore.
- bounds: (-10.56, 51.39, -5.34, 55.43)
Coordinate Operation:
- name: Irish Transverse Mercator
- method: Transverse Mercator
Datum: IRENET95
- Ellipsoid: GRS 1980
- Prime Meridian: Greenwich

ax = (
    pipelines.to_crs(rd.CRS)
    .overlay(gpd.GeoDataFrame(geometry=shape.buffer(50000)))
    .plot(color="crimson")
)
iebound.to_crs(rd.CRS).dissolve().boundary.plot(
    ax=ax, linewidth=0.5, color="seagreen"
)
shape.buffer(1000).buffer(-1000).boundary.plot(
    ax=ax, color="black", linewidth=1
)
wind_farms_.plot(ax=ax, alpha=0.5, column="name")
cx.add_basemap(ax, source=cx.providers.CartoDB.Positron, crs=rd.CRS)

plt.tick_params(labelbottom=False, labelleft=False)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.show()

for i in range(len(wind_farms_)):
    pv = (
        wind_farms_.iloc[[i]]
        .distance(iebound.to_crs(rd.CRS).dissolve()["geometry"], align=False)
        .values[0]
        / 1000
    )
    print(
        wind_farms_.iloc[[i]]["name"].values[0],
        f"is {pv:.2f} km away from the shoreline",
    )

Codling Wind Park is 11.08 km away from the shoreline

Dublin Array is 7.96 km away from the shoreline
North Irish Sea Array is 2.16 km away from the shoreline

pv = (
    shape.distance(
        iebound.to_crs(rd.CRS).dissolve()["geometry"], align=False
    ).values[0]
    / 1000
)
print(f"Kish Basin is {pv:.2f} km away from the shoreline")

Kish Basin is 2.67 km away from the shoreline